104.1 State the type and model of engine used on the aircraft.

Allison T56-A-16, turboprop, constant-speed engines.

104.2 State the type of propellers used on the aircraft.

Hamilton Standard Hydromatic, four blade, constant-speed propeller with full feathering, and reversible pitch.

104.3 Discuss the 2 types of refueling methods.

- Single-point ground refueling method (pressure)

All wing tanks and the fuselage tank, if installed, may be refueled or defueled from this receptacle located in the right main landing gear fairing.

- Over the wing method (gravity).

Tanks may be refueled through filler openings located over each wing. The fuselage tank does not have this filler, but can be refueled by transferring fuel from the wing tanks, or from the single-point control panel.

104.4 Discuss the types of landing gear used on the aircraft.

- The landing gear system includes a steerable, dual wheel nose gear, and two tandem, (one behind the other), mounted main landing gears.

- Main landing gear system consists of 4 wheels, two mounted in tandem on each side of the fuselage.

- The nose landing gear is a swing type gear, extending down and aft, actuated by a hydraulic cylinder and secured in the up and down positions by locks.

104.5 Discuss the different methods for servicing hydraulics.

<--------The "hand crank" method. You can add hydraulic fluid to the receptacle, then select the hydraulic reservoir that is to be serviced, and then turn the hand crank to pump the fluid into the respective reservoir.

---



There are small "filler necks" on the hydraulic reservoirs, that can also be used to add hydraulic fluid.------>

<-----Hydraulic Servicing Unit (HSU), is a hand-carried servicing unit, used to service the hydraulic systems, and is the perferred method for servicing.

104.6 State the location and purpose of low point fuel drains.

Located on each tank's underside--->.

The external tanks have 4 low-point drains each.

Their purpose is to draw fuel from the tanks and inspect for the presence of water and any other forms of contamination.

104.7 State the purpose of the yellow/black border areas on the aircraft.

They are used to identify emergency exits and specific areas, which may be cut through in an emergency.

104.8 State the purpose of a hydraulic contamination test.

Allows the inspection of a hydraulic system for any signs of contamination, and maintains trend analysis.

104.9 Identify and discuss the purpose of the Aerial Delivery System, (Dual Rail) .

Restrains pallets in the forward, aft, and side restraint. It consists of eight outboard rail assemblies and 20 conveyor frames. Both right and left rail assemblies contain a master control, detent latches and retractable flanges.

105.1 Define the following:

a. RADAR - Radio Detecting and Ranging

A radio device used to detect objects at distances much greater than is visually possible. Detectable objects include aircraft, ships, land, clouds, and storms. Radar also shows their range and relative position.
Radar works on a echo principle. Sound waves travel out and by knowing the speeds and the time it takes for them to return as an echo, the distance can be measured. One radar range mile is 12.36 microseconds. That is the time it takes for a radio wave to travel out and return back for one mile.

b. IFF - Identification Friend or Foe

IFF is an electronic system that allows a friendly craft to identify itself automatically before approaching near enough to threaten the security of other naval units. A transponder in the friendly aircraft receives a radio-wave challenge. The transponder transmits a response to a proper challenge. All operational aircraft and ships of the armed forces carry transponders to give their identity when challenged.

c. ADF - Automatic Direction Finder

ADF, Automatic Direction Finder, is the radio signals in the low to medium frequency band. ADF signals follow the curvature of the earth. The maximum distance is dependent on the power of the beacon. The ADF can receive on both AM radio stations and NDB (Non-Directional Beacon).

d. ILS - Instrument Landing System

The conventional Instrument Landing System has been around for a very long time. According to the book "Manual of Avionics", ILS was developed in 1946, and was finally deemed completely developed in 1973.
A ILS ground-based radio system is designed to provide an airplane pilot with precise guidance for the final approach on landing. The pilot flies his aircraft along a course delineated by the intersection of two radio beams—the localizer beam for guidance in the horizontal plane and the glide-slope beam for guidance in the vertical plane. These beams activate an indicator in the aircraft that contains a horizontal needle sensitive to deviations from the glide slope and a vertical needle sensitive to deviations from the localizer path. By keeping both needles centered, the pilot can guide his aircraft down to the end of the landing runway aligned with the runway center line.

e. CARA - Combined Altitude Radar Altimeter

The Combined Altitude Radar Altimeter measures the actual altitude of the aircraft by bouncing radar waves off the ground. It provides precise height above ground information to the pilot for navigational purposes. It is accurate from 0 to 50,000 feet above the ground level.

f. GPWS - Ground Proximity Warning System

Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS), also called the Ground Collision Avoidance System (GCAS), provides aural and visual warnings of an impending ground collision based on an aircraft's actual dynamics and recovery capability. GPWS prevents the incidence of flight into terrain accidents, which generally involve highly trained pilots who inadvertently fly into the ground or water in a moment of fatigue, disorientation or boredom.

g. INS - Inertial Navigation System---->

The INS continuously computes horizontal navigation data and senses the attitude displacement in pitch, roll and yaw. Output signals from the INS can be used to automatically steer the aircraft on a great circle course between preselected waypoints, maintain the aircraft at a level attitude, stabilize magnetic compass signals, and display navigation and attitude data on associated navigation and flight instruments. Each INS can also display its own navigation data and operating status to the pilots.

h. ICS - Intercommunication System---->

The ICS allows talking between crewmembers, maintenance technicians and host vehicle communication, data and recording systems, thru a headset, and internal communication equipment.

i. TACAN - Tactical Air Navigation

Provides the pilot with distance information from distance measuring and azimuth equipment. It gives the pilot the number of miles that he is from the surface beacon. It also indicates the direction of flight. By using TACAN equipment installed in the aircraft, and TACAN equipment installed on the ground, the pilot can obtain bearing and distance to a location.

j. VOR - VHF Omni-directional Range

The VOR facility at ground base transmits two signals at the same time. One signal is constant in all directions as a reference phase. Another signal, it is variable-phase signal and it rotates through 360 degrees, like the beam from the lighthouse. Both signals are in phase when the variable signal passes 360 degrees (reference to magnetic north) and they are 180 degrees out of phase when the rotating signal passes 180 degrees The aircraft equipment receives both signals. The receiver will calculate the difference between the two signals, and interprets the result as a radial from the station to pilots on the aircraft.
RADIALS: The two signals from VOR transmitter generate 360 lines like spokes in a wheel . Each line is called a Radial . VOR navigation equipment on the airplane will determine which of those 360 radials the airplane is on.

105.2 State the difference between a radar altimeter and barometric altimeter.

Radar altimeter is the altitude above the ground. From a radar signal bounced off the ground back up to the aircraft. Highly accurate to 1000 feet.

The barometric altimeter is the altitude above sea level, and gets it's readings from changes in barometric pressure. Ports for the barometric altimeter are usually on the sides of the aircraft and flush with the fuselage. They sense changes in air pressure, or barometric pressure.

105.3 Discuss the following fire detection/overheat warning system:

a. Turbine Overheat -

The turbine over heat warning system is a thermal switch detector type. When a overheat condition occurs, the system causes lights to flash in the emergency fire handle.

b. Nacelle Overheat -

The nacelle overheat caution system actuates warning lights on the co-pilots instrument panel when a overheat condition exists in the nacelle area forward of the firewall. Overheat conditions in this area may be caused by nacelle preheat valves or by failure of the engine bleed air ducting in the nacelle area.

c. Fire Detection -

The fire detection system indicates the presence of fire in the engine nacelles or the GTC/APU compartment. The system consists of 5 separate detection systems and one common test system.

d. Leading Edge Over Temperature Warning -

There are six over temperature warning lights, one for each section of the leading edge anti-icing system, and are located below the temperature indicators on the anti-icing and de-icing control panels.

e. Cargo Compartment Refrigerator Overheat Warning -

A red press to test cargo compartment refrigerator overheat light located on the anti-icing and deicing control panel is provided to warn the pilot of a overheat condition in the cargo compartment refrigerator area. 2 overheat detectors are located in the refrigerator area of the wheel well.

106.1 Discuss the purpose of the following aircraft emergency equipment:

a. Hand-operated fire extinguishers -

Four portable hand-operated fire extinguishers located on the aircraft to extinguish fires onboard.

b. First aid kit -

There are provisions for 23, and 22 are onboard. Used to treat injuries sustained on aircraft.

c. Hand axes -

There are two located on the aircraft. Used to cut out of the aircraft if normal exits are blocked.
Note: VR-54 has 3 onboard vice 2.

d. Emergency lights –

There are 8 located on the aircraft. Used to help identify exits in the event of crash, emergency, or loss of power.

e. Life rafts –

There are a total of 4 located on aircraft. The rafts are located in the wings.
Each raft has the capability of holding 20 persons, and is used in the event of a water landing.

f. Emergency transmitters -

Used to help locate downed aircraft.